4Group+5

a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth. || Flora is highly diverse || great variety of animals (Figure 9k-13). Some scientists believe that 30 to 50% of all of the Earth's animal species may be found in this biome. || Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn || grasslands are flat areas of grass || maritime prime, acacia, cork oak || most of the animals are small and/or nocturnal || western coastal regions between 30 and 40 degrees north latitude sometimes found in southern california ||
 * World Bioregions/Biomes** GRADE 8/10
 * Biome -- a grouping of the world’s flora and fauna into a large ecological province or region; also referred to as bioregion**
 * What is __flora__? plant or bacterial life; such life characteristic of a region, period, or special environment l **
 * What is __fauna__? animal life; the animals characteristic of a region, period, or special **
 * **Biome** || **Basic Description** || **Types of flora** || **Types of Fauna** || **World Location** ||
 * **1)Forests-** || **XXXX** || **XXXX** || **XXXX** || **XXXX** ||
 * ** A) Rain Forest** || Two types- tropical and temperate
 * ** B) Broadleaf /mixed broadleaf &  coniferous** || Forests of mostly evergreen trees with long, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. || mostly conifers || moose, bear, deer, wolverine, marten, wolf, hares, chipmunks, shrews, squirrels and bats, reptiles are rare because of cold temperatures || Canada, Europe, Asia, USA ||
 * ** C) Coniferous (Taiga)** || Moist, cool-cold, more precipitation than Tundra || needle-leaf evergreen trees || moose, bear, deer, wolverine, marten, lynx, wolf, snowshoe hare, vole, chipmunks, shrews, and bats, reptiles are rare because of cold temperatures || between the 45th and 57th North latitudes ||
 * **2) Mediterranean woodland, shrub & grassland** || shrubs and small trees. many thrive on steep, rocky slopes. usually not enough rain to support tall trees
 * **3) Tropical Savanna, mixed grassland & woodland** || Grasslands with trees less than 10 meters in height, distinct wet and dry seasons, hot all year long || Drought-resistant trees || diverse group of grazing animals || eastern Africa, South America, and Australia ||
 * **4) Prairie & steppe grassland** || open and continuous flat areas of grass || mostly grass, a few trees || small burrowing herbivores || North America, South America, South Africa, central Eurasia, Australia ||
 * **5) Desert shrub** || dry, extremely little precipitation, temperature changes drastically || Shrubs, cacti, small bushes, short grasses || tend to be nocturnal, snakes and lizards || between 15-35 degrees latitude ||
 * **6)Tundra (Alpine)-** || temperature, precipitation, and evaporation all tend to be at a minimum. Most tundra locations, have summer months with an average temperature below 10° Celsius. Precipitation in the wettest month is normally no higher that 25 millimeters || a few species of dwarf [|shrubs], a few [|grass] species, [|sedges] , and [|**mosses**] || Some herbivores and carnivores, little or no amphibian, birds migrate || poleward of 60° North latitude ||

animal life; the animals characteristic of a region, period, or special environment plant or bacterial life; such life characteristic of a region, period, or special environment Within this biome, temperature, precipitation, and evaporation all tend to be at a minimum. Most tundra locations, have summer months with an average temperature below 10° Celsius. Precipitation in the wettest month is normally no higher that 25 millimeters. However, despite the low levels of precipitation the ground surface of the tundra biome is often waterlogged because of low rates of **[|evapotranspiration]**. The **[|species]** [|**diversity**] of tundra vegetation is relatively small. Plant communities are usually composed of a few species of dwarf **[|shrubs]**, a few **[|grass]** species, **[|sedges]**, and **[|mosses]**. Perhaps the most characteristic arctic tundra plants are **[|lichens]** like Reindeer Moss (__Cladonia__ spp.). The principal **[|herbivores]** in this biome include caribou, musk ox, arctic hare, voles, and lemmings. Most of the bird species of the tundra have the ability to migrate and live in warmer locations during the cold winter months. The herbivore species support a small number of **[|carnivore]** species like the arctic fox, snow owl, polar bear, and wolves. **[|Reptiles]** and **[|amphibians]** are few or completely absent because of the extremely cold temperatures. Alpine tundra is quite similar to some arctic tundra but differs in the absence of permafrost and in the presence of better drainage._ located in the western coastal regions between 30 and 40 degrees north latitude sometimes found in southern california
 * Fauna**
 * Flora**
 * Arctic and Alpine Tundra**
 * [|Tundra]** means marshy plain. The geographical distribution of the tundra biome is largely poleward of 60° North latitude. The tundra biome is characterized by an absence of trees, the presence of dwarf plants, and a ground surface that is wet, spongy, and hummocky. Soils of this biome are usually permanently frozen (**[|permafrost]**) starting at a depth of a few centimeters to meter or more. The permafrost line is a physical barrier to plant root growth.
 * Mediterranean woodland, shrub, and grassland**

description - shurblands are made up of shrubs and small trees. many thrive on steep, rocky slopes. usually not enough rain to support tall trees grasslands are flat areas of grass

the tall grass prairie toward the east and the short grass prairie westward. In Europe and Asia some grasslands are called Steppes. In South America, grasslands are known as Pampas.

__ **Rainforest** The tropical rain forest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth. In its most typical form, the desert consists of **[|shrub]** covered land where the plants are spatially quite dispersed. In general, the major desert biomes of the Earth are geographically found at between 25 to 40° North and South latitude, in the interiors of continents. Climatically, deserts are influenced by descending air currents which limit the formation of precipitation. Many desert areas have less than 250 millimeters of precipitation annually. Dominant plants include drought resistant shrubs like the Creosote Bu sh (__Larrea__ __divaricata__) and Sagebrush (__Artemisia__ __tridentata__), w ater storing **[|succulents]** like cactus (**Figure 9k-6**), and many species are short lived **[|annuals]** that complete their life cycles during infrequent and short rainy periods. Desert habitats can be devoid of vegetation if precipitation is in very short supply
 * Desert** __

_


 * Tropical Savanna**

Tropical savannas are **[|grasslands]** with scattered drought-resistant **[|trees]** that generally do not exceed 10 meters in height (**Figure 9k-9**). Tree and shrub species in the savanna usually shed their leaves during the dry season. This adaptation reduces water loss from the plants. New leaves appear several weeks before the start of the rain season. Scientists believe that savanna plant species may have developed this strategy to take advantage of the season variance of the start of the rains. Climatically, these biomes are characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperatures are hot all year long.

tropical rainforest- Flora is highly diverse: a square kilometer may contain as many as 100 different tree species as compared to 3 or 4 in the temperate zone

Tropical savannas are **[|grasslands]** with scattered drought-resistant **[|trees]** that generally do not exceed 10 meters in height (**Figure 9k-9**). Tree and shrub species in the savanna usually shed their leaves during the dry seasonClimatically, these biomes are characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperatures are hot all year long.